Metabolic activity synonym11/14/2023 It has been found in studies from Europe, Scandinavia, Australia, Asia, the Middle East, South America, and North America.ĪDHD is rarely caused by a single genetic or environmental risk factor but most cases of ADHD are caused by the combined effects of many genetic and environmental risks each having a very small effect. When made by a licensed clinician, the diagnosis of ADHD is well-defined and valid at all ages, even in the presence of other psychiatric disorders, which is common.ĪDHD is more common in males and occurs in 5.9 % of youth and 2.5 % of adults. The syndrome we now call ADHD has been described in the medical literature since 1775. Expert scrutiny was provided by a project Steering Committee (Supplemental Table 1) which included representatives from the following professional groups dedicated to research and clinical care of ADHD: The World Federation of ADHD, EUropean NETwork for Hyperkinetic DIsorderS (Eunethydis), the American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders, the Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance, the Asian Federation of ADHD, the Latin American League of ADHD, the Australian ADHD Professionals Association, the Israeli Society of ADHD, the Saudi ADHD Society, Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan section of the European Psychiatric Association, the ADHD Guidelines Group of the Association of Medical Scientific Societies in Germany, the ADHD Network of European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, the Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and the ADHD Section of the World Psychiatric Association. We identified evidence-based statements about ADHD through expert scrutiny of published high quality meta-analyses and very large studies. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma. Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. Swanson, Anita Thapar, Gail Tripp, Geurt van de Glind, Wim van den Brink, Saskia Van der Oord, Andre Venter, Benedetto Vitiello, Susanne Walitza, Yufeng WanglzA Solanto, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, César Soutullo, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, James M. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Arnt Schellekens, Anouk Scheres, Renata Schoeman, Julie B. Poulton, Ravi Philip Rajkumar, Andrew Reding, Andreas Reif, Katya Rubia, Julia Rucklidge, Marcel Romanos, J. Sandra Kooij, Jonna Kuntsi Henrik Larsson, Tingyu Li, Jing Liu, Eugene Merzon, Gregory Mattingly, Paulo Mattos, Suzanne McCarthy, Amori Yee Mikami, Brooke S. Hinshaw, Pieter J.Hoekstra, Chris Hollis, Scott H. Crunelle, David Daley, Søren Dalsgaard, Manfred Döpfner, Stacey Espinet (on behalf of CADDRA), Michael Fitzgerald, Barbara Franke, Manfred Gerlach, Jan Haavik, Catharina A. Alqahtani, Philip Asherson, Lukoye Atwoli, Sven Bölte, Jan K. Al Saud, Iris Manor, Luis Augusto Rohdey, Li Yang, Samuele Cortese, Doron Almagor, Mark A. Faraone, Tobias Banaschewski ,David Coghill, Yi Zhengh, Joseph Biederman, Mark A.
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